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BERLIN (Reuters) - The euro zone edged closer on Wednesday to a compromise on a second Greek bailout package under which private creditors would be asked to swap their sovereign debt holdings for bonds with longer maturities.
Several euro zone bankers, including the head of French heavyweight Credit Agricole (CAGR.)(PA), said they would support a maturity extension, a move that would not reduce Greece's massive debt burden purpose could buy it more time to meet its fiscal targets and avoid a harsher restructuring.
The European Central Bank, which has argued loudly against any form of debt restructuring, may also be warming to the idea of private sector involvement if a cut in the main of Greece's debt - a "haircut" - can be avoided.
Greece sealed a 110 billion euro aid-for-austerity deal a year ago but has failed to restore confidence in its finance and a new package is in the works which could total 80-100 billion euros to cover Athens' funding needs through 2014.
German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble told coalition members of parliament that Greece needed an additional 90 billion euros in its second rescue package that would get the country through 2014, a coalition source told Reuters.
An EU/IMF report on Greece's fiscal progress which was obtained by Reuters on Wednesday underscored the depth of the country's woes. The "troika" of institutions, which includes the European Commission and the ECB slashed its forecasts for the Greek economy, forecasting a contraction of 3.8 percent this year and meager growth of 0.6 percent in 2012.
"After a strong start in the summer of 2010, reform implementation came to a standstill in recent quarters," the report said, warning of political implementation risks.
"A reinvigoration is necessary to prevent the fiscal deficit from getting entrenched at unsustainable levels, but also to reach a critical mass of structural reforms which will support the recovery."
"SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTION"
European economic and monetary affairs commissioner Olli Rehn told reporters in Koenigstein that the euro zone held a teleconference on the Greek situation on Wednesday evening.
"It was underlined that it is essential that Greece meets its fiscal targets for this year with concrete measures that have been agreed..." Greece is now committed to meeting targets. "it has specified concrete measures," he said and added extending debt maturities was part of the discussion.
Rehn, speaking on the sidelines of Financial Times Deutschland Banking Day, also said the euro zone must avoid triggering a so-called credit event as it hammers out a new deal on Greek debt.
"We have been discussing a Vienna style initiative and in that context we have also examined the feasibility of a voluntary debt rescheduling or variety on the condition that it will not create a credit event," Rehn said.
Whether and how to involve the banks, hedge funds and other private holders of Greek debt in a new aid package has been hotly debated for weeks, with some officials worrying such a step could unleash contagion that envelops new countries like Spain, with disastrous consequences for the currency bloc.
On Wednesday, France said it rejected any restructuring of Greece's debt and would not change its stance.
But the German government, worried about a backlash from angry taxpayers and a possible rebellion in parliament, has been pushing hard for some form of private creditor involvement.
In a June 6 letter sent to the heads of the European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund and his euro area counterparts, Schaeuble application a "quantified and substantial" contribution from bondholders as part of any new Greek package.
"such a result can best be reached through a bond swap leading to a prolongation of the outstanding Greek sovereign bonds by seven years," Schaeuble wrote in the letter, a copy of which was seen by Reuters.
It was sent two weeks before a June 23-24 EU summit, at which the bloc's leaders are expected to put the finishing keys on the new deal for Greece.
Such a swap would amount to a restructuring of Greece's privately held debt, even if it was done on a voluntary basis, and ratings agencies have warned that they would view it as coercive and classify it as a default.
"If they do anything like Schaeuble is suggesting then the ratings agencies will smash (Greece) and then they will move on and smash Portugal and Ireland," one trader said, naming the other two countries that have required EU/IMF bailouts.
Reflecting those fears, the cost of insuring Greek debt against default rose as did the premium investors demand to hold Greek, Irish and Portuguese debt instead of German benchmarks.
Goal David Geen, general counsel of derivatives industry body ISDA, said a debt exchange that pushed out maturities would typically not trigger payment of credit default swaps and that could make it palatable for policymakers.
BANKS OPEN TO MATURITY EXTENSION
The stance of the ECB on private sector involvement will be crucial in any deal.
The central bank is believed to be examining a debt swap scenario in which credit rating agencies would declare Greece in limited or "selective" default for a short period of time.
That would probably force it to impose a ban on the use of Greek debt as collateral in its money market operations, but the impact on the Greek banking system could be minimized through emergency liquidity measures until Greece was taken off limited default status.
The ECB could give investors an incentive to participate in a swap by removing the old Greek bonds from its list of eligible collateral. HAD officials are also discussing sweeteners.
Jean-Paul Chifflet, the head of French bank Credit Agricole, told Reuters in Milan that he expected authorities to broach the possibility of a maturity extension with him soon and voiced support for the idea.
"If we lighten Greece's sovereign debt load it should benefit the Greek economy and therefore the actors of the Greek economy," said Chifflet. "I am very much in favor of this."
Several bankers at a conference in Koenigstein, Germany also said they expected a deal of this sort.
"banks and creditors must participate," said Karl-Georg Altenburg, JP Morgan's senior country officer for Germany.
A large number of the big German banks that hold Greek debt are partly owned by the government, meaning Berlin would have direct influence over their decisions on a debt swap.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) data published this week showed German and French banks hold the most Greek sovereign debt of all foreign institutions, with exposure of 23 billion and 15 billion euros, respectively, at the end of 2010.
Beyond domestic considerations, Berlin may be worried that if private creditors do not participate in the new bailout, the share of debt owned by official creditors - euro area governments, the ECB and IMF - will rise to the point where a future restructuring for the private sector accomplishes little in terms of returning Greece to a sustainable debt path.
Greece's debt burden stands close to 340 billion euros - or roughly 150 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP).
(Additional reporting by Annika Breidthardt in Berlin, Paul Carrel and Marc Jones in Frankfurt, William James in London)
(Writing by Noah Barkin, editing by Mike Peacock/Ruth Pitchford)
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